Your retirement savings plan offers you several choices when you decide to change jobs or when you retire. This report explains some of the options you may be able to choose from in deciding how you want the money in your plan treated when one of these events occurs.
A distribution is simply defined as a payout of the amount of money that has accumulated in your retirement savings plan. This may include amounts you have contributed, the “vested” portion of any amounts your employer has contributed, plus any earnings on those contributions.
You will want to think carefully before making any decisions about the money in your retirement plan, as some choices may mean you have to pay more in income taxes on your distribution. It’s also a good idea to talk with a tax advisor before picking a distribution election.
Keep Money in Employer’s Plan: Allows continued tax-deferral of any growth.
Make a Direct Rollover: Allows continued contributions and tax-deferral of any growth. Avoids potential taxes and penalty fees.
Take a Cash Distribution: Satisfies immediate need for cash. Substantial taxes and penalty fees may apply.
You may be able to leave your money in the plan; move it to another retirement savings account, such as an IRA, or another employer’s retirement savings plan if you’re changing jobs; or take a cash distribution.
Keep Your Money in the Plan: You can leave your savings in your employer’s retirement savings plan if your account balance was more than $5,000 when you left, depending on your plan’s rules. Minimum distributions must begin after you reach age 70½, however. You’ll continue to enjoy tax-deferred compounding of any investment earnings and receive regular financial account statements and performance reports. Although you will no longer be allowed to contribute to the plan, you will still have control over how your money is invested among the plan’s investment options. You also may still be able to obtain information from the professionals who manage and administer your account.
When retiring, you might choose this option if your spouse is still working or if you have other sources of retirement income (such as taxable investment income). If you’re starting your own business when you leave the company, keeping your retirement money in your former company’s plan may help protect your retirement assets from creditors, should your new venture run into unforeseen trouble.
Example: Sue, 58, is retiring from her full-time job. Her husband is retiring and the family receives his pension and Social Security benefits, which will cover most of their current living expenses. Sue plans to work part-time at her church after “retirement” and does not expect to need her retirement savings for several more years. After consulting with a tax advisor, Sue decided that keeping her money in the company’s retirement plan at least until she turns age 59½ will provide her with the greatest flexibility in the future.
Move Your Money to Another Retirement Account: You can move your money into another qualified retirement account, such as an Individual Retirement Account (IRA), or, if you’re changing jobs, your new employer’s retirement savings plan. With a “direct rollover,” the money goes directly from your former employer’s retirement plan to the IRA or new plan, and you never touch your money. With this method, you continue to defer taxes on the full amount of your plan savings.1
Example: Bill is taking a new job at a different company. He elects to roll over balances from his existing plan into an IRA rather than transfer his assets into his new employer’s 401(k) plan. This provides Bill with a much broader choice of investment options.
Take a Cash Distribution: You can choose to have your money paid to you in one lump sum, or in installments of a fixed amount or over a set number of years, depending on your plan’s provisions. However, you may have to pay taxes on a cash distribution and, if you’re under age 59½ (55 in some circumstances) at the time when you leave your job, you may also have to pay a 10% additional federal tax on early withdrawals.
If you’re retiring, you will want to take into consideration whether favorable tax rules apply to your lump-sum distribution. To qualify as a lump-sum distribution, you must receive all the amounts you have in all your retirement plans with a company (including 401(k), profit-sharing, and stock-purchase plans) within a one-year period.
Potentially favorable tax rules that may apply to a lump-sum distribution include the minimum distribution allowance and 10-year forward income averaging if you were born before January 2, 1936.
Ten-year forward income averaging: The taxable part of the distribution is taxed at special rates based on levels for single taxpayers in 1986.
Example: Ron, born in 1935, is retiring in three months. He met with a financial advisor to determine which distribution method would result in the greatest benefit after taxes. His advisor showed him that, under some assumptions about inflation and future rates of return, his best course would be to take a lump-sum distribution and use 10-year forward income averaging. Under other assumptions, he would benefit from leaving his money in the company plan or rolling it over directly into an IRA. There may be other distribution options available. Contact your plan administrator for information on all options available under your plan.
If you choose to physically receive part or all of your money (say, $10,000) when you retire or change jobs, this action is considered a cash distribution from your former employer’s retirement account. The cash payment is subject to a mandatory tax withholding of 20%, which the old company must pay to the IRS as an advance payment of your eventual tax liability. If you are under age 59½ at the time you left the company, you could also be liable for a 10% additional federal tax on early withdrawal, and state taxes and penalties as well.
You can avoid paying taxes and any penalties on a cash distribution if you redeposit your retirement plan money within 60 days to an IRA or your new employer’s qualified plan. However, you’d have to make up the 20% withholding from your own pocket in order to avoid taxes and any penalties on that amount. The 20% that had been withheld would be recognized as additional withholding when you file your regular income tax return at year end, and any excess over your total income tax bill would be refunded.
The Potential Cost of a Cash Distribution | ||
| Distribution | -20% Tax Withholding2 | = Amount in Your Pocket |
| $10,000 distribution | -$2,000 Tax Withholding | = $8,000 in Your Pocket |
As with all retirement and tax planning matters, be sure to consult a qualified tax and financial planning professional to ensure that your planning decisions coincide with your financial goals.
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